Este relato de experiência discute um eixo de um projeto de ensino, pesquisa e extensão multi e interdisciplinar sobre educação e humanização da morte. Trata-se de ações da Psicologia destinadas à saúde mental dos trabalhadores do serviço funerário da cidade de São Paulo. A intervenção dividiu-se em duas etapas: visitas aos cemitérios, para aproximação daqueles pesquisadores à realidade e às demandas desses servidores; e oficinas com técnicas de dinâmica de grupo. Estas aconteceram por cinco meses, contaram com 130 participantes — (...) motoristas, sepultadores, “veloristas”, supervisores e gestores de recursos humanos — e tiveram como facilitadoras as integrantes da graduação e da pós-graduação em Psicologia. A análise das oficinas evidenciou, da parte dos servidores, sensibilização para suas necessidades em favor da saúde mental, percepção do valor de cuidado e humanização em suas relações profissionais e pessoais. Ademais, ações como essa realçaram a relevância de frequente acolhimento psicólogico a trabalhadores de serviços funerários. (shrink)

O artigo aborda o conjunto de mudanças ocorridas no sistema de educação superior e pesquisa francês visando uma caracterização geral da sua atual configuração. Para isso, faz a descrição dos principais processos de reconfiguração do sistema a partir da análise da atual legislação, identificando significativas mudanças no concernente à dimensão estratégica, à programação, ao financiamento, à operacionalização e à avaliação. Assim, destacam-se três esferas sistematicamente articuladas. Para entender as razões subjacentes a tais mudanças, o artigo recupera o contexto global de (...) ajustes internacionais – especificamente o chamado New Management Programme (NPM), para, a partir tais evidências, situar o novo quadro cartográfico da educação superior na França. Concluindo que as transformações em andamento fazem parte, por um lado, de uma tendência global no setor, envolvendo elementos econômicos, a questão do modelo de financiamento público, a gestão de recursos humanos em uma lógica de competição e a sofisticação dos mecanismos de controle do trabalho acadêmico. Por outro lado, há mudanças também pelo prisma da ressignificação do papel das universidades enquanto protagonistas na produção de soluções inovadoras e de impacto socioeconômico. As duas tendências pesam sobremaneira para um dos pilares mais importantes das instituições de ensino superior e pesquisa, a saber, a questão da autonomia. (shrink)

This review shows the various tools used to implemente the food quality system in food establishments. Presenting the various laws that subsidize this process, establishing criteria and instrumentes for a correct implementation of the quality system in order to offer adequate hygiene processes in the production of safe food, in addition to favoring the maintenance of companies in the consumer market. The implementation of food safety management systems such as Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) e Hazard Analysis (...) and Critical Control Points (HACCP), in order to guarantee the safety of the food served and portray the organization of the company. It is essential to implement these systems ensuring the quality of the servisse (planning, control and improvement). In order to achieve healthy criteria related to foodstuffs, it is necessary to implement quality programs as prerequisites of the Hazard Analysis System and Critical Control Points in food services. Regulating and inspecting are just a few points that guarantee food security, since food that does not pose a health hazard to consumers is considered safe. (shrink)

O propósito deste trabalho é enfrentar o seguinte problema: que possibilidades a autonomia e a descentralização educacional apresentam para uma efetiva educação no Estado Democrático de Direito? Construir autonomia a partir de uma descentralização educacional implica “mudanças culturais” profundas nas pessoas. Assim, o presente trabalho objetiva discutir sobre a autonomia e a descentralização educacional. O conceito de descentralização e autonomia indicam a importância para o Estado Democrático de Direito. O método de trabalho foi o hipotético-dedutivo versando sobre o conceito de (...) autonomia que consiste na construção de conjecturas e situações que permitem alcançar os objetivos da pesquisa. (shrink)

Bereby‐Meyer, Hayakawa, Shalvi, Corey, Costa and Keysar investigate lying for self‐serving reasons. Participants in their experiments had to report the outcome of rolling a die only known to them. They inflated their outcomes less, and thus lied less, when using a foreign language than when using their native language. The authors suggest that lying for self‐serving reasons is an automatic tendency that can be overcome by speaking in a foreign language. [71].

O movimento dos secundaristas brasileiros e o momento sofístico: uma nova história começa a ser contada 1 Resumo: A partir das proposições de Arendt delineamos o momento sofístico como um instante no qual a intersecção entre os termos riqueza, liberdade e poder possibilita aos indivíduos se engajarem na esfera política permitindo assim que influenciem nas decisões. O objetivo deste trabalho é argumentar que o momento orquestrado pelos estudantes brasileiros pode ser considerado também um momento sofístico tal qual o vimos acontecer (...) no século de Péricles, evidenciando assim a necessidade de uma formação que abarque uma pedagogia retórica para que esse momento seja aproveitado em sua plenitude. As ações do movimento secundarista evidenciaram o peso da comunicação demandando assim uma educação retórica, a qual inclui não só a formação na palavra em seu sentido dialógico e persuasivo, mas também raciocínio e deliberação, capacidades tão caras ao desenvolvimento do ethos democrático, por sua vez imprescindível para a edificação plena de um modo democrático de vida.Palavras-chave: Momento sofista. Educação. Movimento secundarista. Retórica. Kairós 1 A pesquisa contou com apoio da Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo. Brazilian high school students’ movement and the sophistical moment: a new story begins to be told1: Drawing from the propositions of Arendt this work delineates the sophistical moment as an instant in which the intersection between the terms wealth, freedom and power enables individuals to engage in the political sphere thus allowing them to influence decisions. The aim of this work is to argue that the moment orchestrated by the Brazilian students can also be considered a sophistical moment as we have seen it happen in the century of Pericles, thus evidencing the necessity of a formation that embraces a rhetorical pedagogy. The actions of the high school movement evidenced the significance of communication, thus demanding a rhetorical education, which includes not only the formation of the word in its dialogical and persuasive sense, but also reasoning and deliberation. Those capacities are so important for the development of the democratic ethos which is indispensable for the full building of a democratic way of life.Keywords: Sophistical moment. Education. High school movement. Rhetoric. Kairos Movimiento de los secundarios brasileños y el momento sofístico: una nueva historia comienza a ser contada1 Resumen: A partir de las proposiciones de Arendt, delineamos el momento sofístico como un instante en el que la intersección entre los términos riqueza, libertad y poder permite a los individuos participar en la esfera política, lo que les permite influir en las decisiones. El objetivo de este trabajo es argumentar que el momento orquestado por los estudiantes brasileños también puede considerarse un momento sofístico como lo hemos visto en el siglo de Pericles, lo que evidencia la necesidad de una formación que abarque una pedagogía retórica. Las acciones del movimiento secundario evidenciaron el peso de la comunicación, exigiendo así una educación retórica, que incluye no solo la formación de la palabra en su sentido dialógico y persuasivo, sino también el razonamiento y la deliberación, así como las capacidades para el desarrollo del espíritu democrático, para su desarrollo. indispensable para la plena construcción de un modo de vida democrático.Palabras-clave: Momento sofista. Educacion. Movimiento de los secundaristas. Retórica. Kairos Data de registro: 08/08/2019Data de aceite: 24/04/2020. (shrink)

This paper examines the ethical aspects of organ transplant surgery in which a donor heart is transplanted from a first recipient, following determination of death by neurologic criteria, to a second recipient. Retransplantation in this sense differs from that in which one recipient undergoes repeat heart transplantation of a newly donated organ, and is thus referred to here as “reuse cardiac organ transplantation.” Medical, legal, and ethical analysis, with a main focus on ethical analysis. From the medical perspective, it is (...) critical to ensure the quality and safety of reused organs, but we lack sufficient empirical data pertaining to medical risk. From the legal perspective, a comparative examination of laws in the United States and Japan affirms no illegality, but legal scholars disagree on the appropriate analysis of the issues, including whether or not property rights apply to transplanted organs. Ethical arguments supporting the reuse of organs include the analogous nature of donation to gifts, the value of donations as inheritance property, and the public property theory as it pertains to organs. Meanwhile, ethical arguments such as those that address organ recycling and identity issues challenge organ reuse. We conclude that organ reuse is not only ethically permissible, but even ethically desirable. Furthermore, we suggest changes to be implemented in the informed consent process prior to organ transplantation. The organ transplant community worldwide should engage in wider and deeper discussions, in hopes that such efforts will lead to the timely preparation of guidelines to implement reuse cardiac organ transplantation as well as reuse transplantation of other organs such as kidney and liver. (shrink)

In the trolley problem, a well-known moral dilemma, the intuitive process is believed to increase deontological judgments, while deliberative reasoning is thought to promote utilitarian decisions. Therefore, based on the dual-process model, there seems to be an attempt to save several lives at the expense of a few others in a deliberative manner. This study examines the validity of this argument. To this end, we manipulate decision-making time in the standard trolley dilemma to compare differences among 119 Japanese female undergraduates (...) under three conditions: intuitive judgment, deliberative judgment, and judgment after a group discussion. The current results demonstrate that utilitarian judgments decreased from 52.9% in the intuition condition to 43.7% in the deliberation condition and 37.0% after the discussion. Additional analysis suggests that the decrease in utilitarian judgments may be related to psychological unwillingness to assume responsibility for the lives of others rather than to an increase in deontological judgments. Finally, these results are discussed from an adaptationist perspective. (shrink)

En una carta del 20 de julio de 1664 Spinoza le relata a su amigo Peter Balling un sueño con “cierto brasileño, negro y sarnoso”. Tal vez sea esa la única mención en la obra spinozista que refiere al Nuevo Mundo, donde Holanda poseía colonias. A partir de ese sueño, el presente trabajo inquiere sobre la coexistencia de las filosofías modernas de la libertad con la esclavitud real de miles de seres humanos en América, y en particular sobre el silencio (...) de Spinoza en relación con la trata de esclavos africanos en tierras americanas. (shrink)

Marcel Mauss claims in his work A General Theory of Magic that the best way to work with the concept of magic is discussing it in comparison to religion or comparing it to religion. Thus, first this paper aims at presenting a theoretical study with a primary nature, whose central focus consists in Marcel Mauss’s studies on the theme of magic, through the elements that constitute it, which are, according to the author: the magician, the acts, and the magical representations. (...) In the second moment, it proposes to conceptualize the term religion. When addressing the definition of religion's constituents as a phenomenon, a discussion of belief and religious ritual is emphasized. Finally, the relation between religion and magic is introduced through a basic comparative exercise and its impacts are interpreted according to the contemporary religious sense. (shrink)

While changes in response to the different stages of the pandemic remain unknown, this study investigated the longitudinal impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on depressive symptoms in Japanese university students and identified factors associated with new onset of depression and suicidal ideation. Two surveys were conducted at one university in Akita, Japan, during the first COVID-19 outbreak period and 1 year later. Moderate depressive symptoms were defined as a Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥ 10 and suicide-related ideation score ≥ 1 (...) on question 9 of the questionnaire. Among 985 students who completed surveys in T1 and T2, participants with moderate depressive symptoms and suicide-related ideation increased from 11 to 17% and from 5.8 to 11.8%, respectively. Among 872 students at risk after excluding those with moderate depressive symptoms at T1, 103 students developed moderate depressive symptoms at T2. Among the 928 students at risk, after excluding those who had suicidal ideation at T1, 79 developed suicidal ideation. Multivariate logistic modeling revealed financial insecurity and academic performance as risk factors, while having someone to consult about worries was a coping factor for depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Our findings demonstrated that socioenvironmental factors may determine depressive symptoms of university students. (shrink)

This paper presents an explanation for the breakdown of dominant party systems. In contrast to previous works that examine how ruling parties lose their dominant position as a result of interparty competition, this paper focuses on how they are undermined from within by factional conflict. Through an overview of dominant party systems in the postwar world, we show that most of the ruling parties suffered from major splits that significantly reduced their electoral strengths before their final electoral defeat. In order (...) to explain why large groups of politicians decide to leave dominant parties that are likely to remain in power, we develop simple game-theoretic models of intraparty bargaining between party factions over the distribution of benefits from office. Our results suggest two mechanisms through which dominant parties break up. First, factional defections from dominant parties are likely to occur when they are experiencing a significant decline in public support. Second, factional defections are likely to occur when a non-mainstream faction is rapidly losing its bargaining power against the party leadership. Importantly, our results show that under certain conditions, dominant parties will break up even when their electoral prospects are much better than the opposition. We briefly discuss how these mechanisms can be applied to actual cases of dominant party systems. (shrink)

Familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP) is an inherited systemic amyloidosis, characterized by the extracellular deposition of fibrillar amyloid protein, i.e. a variant type of prealbumin, and by prominent peripheral nerve involvement. We recently established the basis of FAP, using a cloned human prealbumin cDNA, restriction endonuclease(s) and Southern blot procedures. This approach clearly revealed a direct link between mutation in the prealbumin gene and FAP; individuals with FAP are heterozygous for the prealbumin gene, carrying one normal and one mutant gene. Molecular (...) analysis of the prealbumin gene yielded pertinent data on the genetic basis for FAP. (shrink)

El presente texto trata sobre el vínculo entre spinoza y el judaísmo contemporáneo. Para ello, considera tres relatos de escritores judíos en los que spinoza aparece como figura central y una polémica reciente sobre spinoza y los judíos que tiene por referentes a Jean-Claude Milner e Iván Segré, no exenta de implicancias para la actual cuestión palestina.

El presente trabajo indaga las condiciones históricas e ideológicas de la excomunión de Spinoza en 1656, y la vinculación de este episodio con las discutidas influencias de Van den Enden, Juan de Prado o Isaac la Peyrère en la temprana heterodoxia del joven Baruch, según las clásicas tesis de investigadores como Madelaine Francès, I. S. Rèvah, Jacob Teicher, Carl Gebhardt o, más recientemente, Richard Popkin, Josef Kaplan y Steven Nadler. A partir de este relevamiento historiográfico se sugiere una motivación “democrática” (...) en el fondo de la segregación de Spinoza por la Sinagoga y su puesta fuera de comunidad. (shrink)

El presente trabajo explora el estatuto del arte en la filosofía de Spinoza, en el marco de la inversión copernicana que da origen a la estética y del barroco holandés. Si bien el pensamiento spinozista se inscribe en la conversión antropológica, en virtud de la cual lo bello resulta ser un efecto en el sujeto y no una cualidad de los objetos, su comprensión del arte es inasimilable a la “estética” como ámbito diferenciado y autónomo que se consolida en el (...) siglo XVIII, y más bien concibe el arte integrado a la vida y a la experiencia común –a la vez que, en cuanto praxis de origen corporal al alcance de cualquiera, presenta puntos de contacto con las vanguardias históricas del siglo XX–. Spinoza, según se propone en este texto, concibe la producción de “obras de arte” menos como un hecho estético que como una actividad corporal éticamente orientada a la vida buena. (shrink)

Resumen: El presente trabajo explora el estatuto del arte en la filosofía de Spinoza, en el marco de la inversión copernicana que da origen a la estética y del barroco holandés. Si bien el pensamiento spinozista se inscribe en la conversión antropológica, en donde lo bello resulta ser un efecto en el sujeto y no una cualidad de los objetos, su comprensión del arte es inasimilable a la “estética” como ámbito diferenciado y autónomo que se consolida en el siglo XVIII, (...) y más bien concibe el arte integrado a la vida y a la experiencia común -a la vez que, en cuanto praxis de origen corporal al alcance de cualquiera, presenta puntos de contacto con las vanguardias históricas del siglo XX-. Spinoza, según se propone en este texto, concibe la producción de “obras de arte” menos como un hecho estético que como una actividad corporal éticamente orientada a la vida buena.: The present work explores the status of art in the philosophy of Spinoza, within the framework of the Copernican revolution that gives rise to aesthetics and the Dutch Baroque. Although the Spinozist thought is inscribed in the anthropological conversion by virtue of which beauty turns out to be an effect on the subject and not a property of objects, its understanding of art is unassimilable to "aesthetics" as a differentiated and autonomous area that it was consolidated in the eighteenth century, and rather conceived art integrated to life and common experience -at the same time, as praxis of bodily origin within the reach of anyone, presents points of contact with the historical avant-gardes of the twentieth century-. Spinoza conceives the production of "artworks" less as an aesthetic fact than as a body activity ethically oriented to the good life. (shrink)

In questo saggio la filosofia di Spinoza viene interpretata non tanto come una filosofia della libertà quanto come una filosofia della liberazione. Gli esseri umani, originariamente e naturalmente soggetti alle avversità e alla servitù, conquistano la libertà attraverso la vita politica e il pensiero. La prospettiva emancipatoria che viene messa in campo si fonda su di un’ontologia che rompe con la classica contrapposizione tra libertà e necessità. La costruzione spinozista della libertà prescinde piuttosto dalla nozione di “volontà libera”, che viene (...) sottoposta a critica filosofica. La libertà che risulta dalla filosofia dell’immanenza è pubblica, una forma di vita collettiva che stabilisce le condizioni materiali, sociali e politiche che permettano alla potenza individuale e comune di manifestarsi in azioni, di sviluppare il potere di pensare di cui è capace e di esprimerlo nella conversazione civile. Spinoza chiama democrazia l’esistenza collettiva così organizzata e la contrappone allo «stato di solitudine». (shrink)

Spinoza’s philosophy is a philosophy of liberation rather than a philosophy of freedom. Originally and naturally subjected to adversity and servitude, human beings conquer their freedom through political life and thought. The emancipatory perspective that is put into play is based on an ontology that breaks with the classical opposition between freedom and necessity. Rather, the Spinozist construction of freedom dispenses with the notion of “free will”, and subjects it to philosophical review. The freedom that results from the philosophy of (...) immanence is public, a collective lifestyle that establishes the material, social and political conditions for the individual and common power in civil conversation. Spinoza calls democracy the collective existence thus organized, and contrasts it with the «state of solitude». (shrink)

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a problemática inserida no discurso coaching alinhada à lógica neoliberal, o impacto deste pensamento na trajetória dos jovens em formação pelo Programa de Trabalho Protegido na Adolescência (PTPA) e de que modo esse discurso remodela os aspectos da subjetividade do sujeito em desenvolvimento. Para tanto contou-se com material de fonte primária obtido em atividade de pesquisa-ação denominada “Oficina dos Sonhos”, que contou com presença e participação direta dos adolescentes do PTPA que tiveram a (...) tarefa de pensar no local onde residem, como vivem e a perspectiva da transformação de modo lúdico e participativo. Assim, a oficina foi realizada pelo Observatório de Políticas Públicas para Adolescência, projeto de extensão da UERJ, e tornou-se relevante para compreender como a visão social e cultural do adolescente em diferentes contextos pode moldar a realidade dos sujeitos. Este estudo propõe, portanto, analisar a realidade do adolescente inserido na contradição do Estado capitalista, compreender limites, desafios e possibilidades de acesso ao primeiro emprego com condições dignas e tendo seus direitos garantidos, bem como a garantia à construção e continuação de projetos de vida. (shrink)

Previous studies have highlighted the communicative limitations of artistic visualizations, which are often too conceptual or interpretive to enhance public understanding of (and volition to act upon) scientific climate information. This seems to suggest a need for greater factuality/concreteness in artistic visualization projects, which may indeed be the case. However, in this paper, we synthesize insights from environmental psychology, the psychology of art, and intermediate disciplines like eco-aesthetics, to argue that artworks—defined by their counterfactual qualities—can be effective for stimulating elements (...) of environmental consciousness. We also argue that different artworks may yield different effects depending on how they combine counter/factual strategies. In so doing, we assert that effective artistic perceptualization—here expressed asaffectivization—exceeds the faithful translation of facts from one mode to another, and cannot be encapsulated in a single example of un/successful art. (shrink)

BackgroundThe Act Regarding the Promotion of the Appropriate Supply of Hematopoietic Stem Cells for Transplant regulates only how public banks store and provide umbilical cord blood for research or transplantation. Japan had no laws to regulate how the private banks manage the procedures, harvesting, preparation, and storage of such blood. As a result, the status of UCB distribution remains unknown. We conducted a survey to investigate the current status of UCB storage and provision to private biobanks by Japanese institutions that (...) handle childbirth.MethodsQuestionnaire forms were mailed to 3,277 facilities handling childbirth that were registered in the Japan Council for Quality Health Care website.ResultsOf the 1,192 institutions handling childbirth that participated in the survey, 34.4% responded that they currently provide UCB to private biobanks, while 16.1% of facilities did so in the past. Moreover, some institutions currently provide or formerly provided UCB to medical treatment facilities, research institutions, companies, or overseas treatment facilities, research institutions, or companies. A certain number of institutions handling childbirth did not even provide explanations or obtain consent when the UCB was harvested from private bank users.ConclusionsThis is the first study to determine the status of UCB provision to private banks by Japanese institutions handling childbirth. Future studies will need to examine in detail how institutions handling childbirth provide explanations to private bank users and UCB providers as well as how these institutions obtain consent. (shrink)

The purpose of the current study was to examine the influence of individuals’ help-seeking preference and their collective perception of the organizational climate in school on teachers’ mental health. Previous studies demonstrated that HSP was negatively associated with risk of burnout, suggesting that teachers who hesitate to seek help from their colleagues are more likely to have mental health problems. Thus, the current study hypothesized that a collegial organizational climate would be negatively associated with burnout. To test this hypothesis, we (...) developed a scale to measure schoolteachers’ collective perception of their organizational climate, and the newly developed scale was used to assess its relationship with HSP and teachers’ burnout risk. The results demonstrated that younger teachers, a low level of help-seeking, and a less collaborative climate increased the risk of burnout. The results also showed a significant interaction effect, indicating that HSP was less closely associated with teachers’ burnout risk if their organization was perceived as having a collegial climate. These findings clearly show how the social environment of a school’s organizational climate can affect schoolteachers’ mental health in Japan. (shrink)

Context Autopsy is a useful tool for understanding the cause and manner of unexpected patient death. However, the attitudes of the general public and physicians in Japan about clinical autopsy are limited. Objective To describe the beliefs of the general public about whether autopsy should be performed and ascertain if they would actually request one given specific clinical situations where patient death occurred with the additional variable of medical error. To compare these attitudes with previously obtained attitudes of physicians practising (...) at Japanese teaching hospitals. Design, setting and participants We conducted a cross-sectional study of the general public. We sent standardised questionnaires in 2010 to a randomly selected non-physician adult population using a survey company for participant selection. Respondents gave their opinions about the necessity of autopsy and how they might act given various clinical scenarios of patient death. We compared these results with those of a previous survey of Japanese physicians conducted in 2009. Results Of the 2300 eligible general adult population, 1575 (68.5%) responded. The majority of the general public indicated they believed an autopsy was necessary. However, in cases of unclear medical error or unclear cause and effect relationship of medical care and patient death, the general public were much less likely to indicate they would actually request an autopsy than were physicians (p<0.0001). Currently in Japan the debate about the role autopsy should play in the case of error related to death is underway. The results from this study will be important in informing related decisions. (shrink)

As facilidades proporcionadas pela tecnologia moderna representam maior liberdade ao indivíduo, pois aumentam as possibilidades de ação. Contudo, os olhares se voltam para ações do homem na sociedade contemporânea, as direções das pesquisas são conduzidas pelo homem, no entanto o uso para o bem ou mal não está na técnica e sim centrada nas escolhas do ser humano. A tecnologia moderna possui rapidez na difusão do conhecimento, bem como proporciona a possibilidade de melhoramento e aperfeiçoamento da técnica, porém com esse (...) avanço o ser humano se fascina em sua liberdade e onipotência ante as novas tecnologias, que cada vez mais ameaçam a própria vida, em seu sentido essencial. A revolução genética, por exemplo, avança com desconfiança em razão da imprevisibilidade de seus resultados. Portanto, a técnica moderna, enquanto objeto tecnológico, é o resultado da transformação das necessidades do homem em objetos e a sua dependência em relação às novas tecnologias causa várias patologias que podem levar a vida ao seu extermínio. (shrink)

Este artigo apresenta estudos sobre o hibridismo presente na poesia simbolista de Florbela Espanca (1894-1930). Temos como objetivo apresentar os resultados de uma investigação realizada sobre os traços híbridos que estão presentes nos sonetos Este Livro..., Eu, Mais Alto, Vaidade e Torre de Névoa, observando de que maneira tais traços se apresentam em cada soneto, suas influências e a contribuição de diferentes estéticas na construção da poesia de Florbela Espanca.

Escrito em 1963, três anos depois do seminário sobre A ética da psicanálise, o texto de Jaques Lacan, Kant com Sade, possibilita férteis discussões a respeito da prática analítica. Quais os limites desta prática? Qual é a razão que a sustenta? A prática analítica é um saber, uma ética ou uma terapêutica? Quais os pressupostos que orientam a sua ação? É evidente que não dispomos de condições necessárias e suficientes para respondermos a tais perguntas no limite de um artigo, tampouco (...) temos a pretensão de fazê-lo. Entretanto, as tomaremos como bússola em busca de pistas sobre a prática analítica lacaniana e o solo em que repousa até a década de 1960. A partir do texto Kant com Sade e do Seminário VII, A ética da psicanálise, ambos escritos por Lacan, buscaremos as semelhanças e diferenças irreconciliáveis entre a lei moral kantiana, a vontade de gozo sadeana e a ética psicanalítica, apontando que é a partir das consequências práticas, efetuadas pelo Marquês de Sade, da aplicação de uma razão pura, tal qual proposta por Kant, que Lacan buscará um novo horizonte para a prática analítica não mais baseada no desejo puro. Nesse sentido, tanto o filósofo alemão Immanuel Kant quanto o escritor francês Marquês de Sade, contemporâneos dos ares da modernidade, expõem um princípio universal pelo qual a ação é valorada. Princípio cuja execução evidencia sua dimensão ética, política e, com Lacan, clínica. Nessa pista, faremos uma discussão a propósito da perversão e da melancolia como limites à prática analítica. (shrink)

Book MARY, André. Os antropólogos e a religião. Trad. Lúcia Mathilde Endlich Orth. São Paulo: Ideias e Letras, 2014. ISBN 978-85-6589-369-5.

Epistemic justification has been widely accepted as both a gradational and relational notion. Given those properties, a natural thought is to take degrees of epistemic justification to be probabilities. In this paper, we present a simple Bayesian framework for justification. In the first part, after putting the model in an evidentialist form, we distinguish different senses of “being evidence for” and “confirming”. Next, we argue that this conception should accommodate the two relevant kinds of qualitative confirmation or evidential support. In (...) the second part of the paper, we discuss the claim that this view is unable to satisfy the modified version of the conjunction closure for beliefs in probabilistically independent propositions. We defend that the underlying assumption on which this objection depends leads to an improper reading of the concept of epistemic probability. After providing a better interpretation of it, we put forward a rationale, which is based on the notion of conditional uncertainty, in support of a more plausible and restricted version of the closure of justification under conjunction. (shrink)

ヒマラヤ山脈から赤道近辺に及ぶ広大なインド亜大陸。過酷な気象条件のもとに暮らす人々が現代まで連綿と受け継いできた“インド的”な思考の根底にあるものを、ヒンドゥー教ほか正統派とされている思想に焦点を当て ひもとく。.